What is meditation?
Meditation is to mentally bring into focus all your sensory and moor organs
in order to completely visualize, feel and experience an object that is
pleasant. The object could be anything indeed.
But since the mind tends to focus on interesting things, and interesting
things happen to be pleasant, consequently pleasant objects are recommended for
meditation. It helps greatly if the object of meditation happens to be a living
form, such as flowers, lakes, gardens, clouds, Gods, angels, humans, etc.
Meditation is an interaction with a living object. Silent communication with a
living object is the main aim of meditation. Stages in meditationThere are four
stages in meditation, differing in degree of concentration.
The sage Patanjali commenting of theses stages calls them by the names:
a) Withdrawal (Pratyahara)
b) Holding (Dharana)
c) Unbroken, easy flow of Awareness (Dhyana)
d) Union (Samadhi).
We will consider each of the stages by one.
a) Withdrawal (Pratyahara)
The state of mind of a person about to start meditation is usually flitting
form one though to another in a disorderly and incoherent manner, with the
various sensory inputs coming from the environment triggering random impulses
leading to different trains of thought.
The mind has to be withdrawn from these external stimuli. The mind has also
to be prepared to become totally aware and working at its fullest potential so
that the creative visualization, that is meditation, can indeed, happen.
The mind usually has a tendency t move away from the object of its
concentration. This is called centrifugal tendency (vikshepta shakti). We use
this faculty of the mind initially to throw away the sensory stimuli coming
from the environment in the following way: After we close our eyes we keep
listening to the sounds near and far, inside and outside. We also try to feel
different parts of the body successively from the feet to crown of the head
covering every part. This way we are relaxing the entire body from its
feelings, stresses and strains.
Apart from relaxation, there are other very good reasons for going over the
different parts of our body. The main reason is that the different parts of the
body are mapped into different parts of the brain. Therefore, touching
different parts of the body is equivalent to energizing or accessing different
parts of the brain. Thus the simple act of feeling the body results in making
the brain fully aware and totally relaxed. We should not hurry about doing
this. We could do about two or three passes, each one taking a couple of
minutes.
There is one more important step in withdrawal. This consists of creating a
mood of security peace and tranquility and power. This mood can be easily
created by a few positive assertions and repeated mentally two or three times
softly in the mind.
Some of these assertions could be:
1. I am peaceful and happy, here and now;
2. I am being taken care of by (fill in what you please, your guru, your
favorite deity, or something else you believe in);
3. I forgive myself and all others, all sins we have committed;
4. God has given me my body to be used in service of myself and others. I
love my body, I love my senses and I send my love to all of them;
5. I reserve an hour a day to be with myself and not worry about the past
nor plan for the future. That hour is now. I will reserve time later on for
planning and worrying about the past;
6. I define for myself the following as objects of my meditation. (Here you
may choose for your object of meditation Devi Rajarajeshwari, Ganapati,
Subramanya, Durga, Sri Krishna, Dattatreya, Ardhaniswara, your Guru,
Mahalakshmi, Saraswati, etc, etc.) I will meditate on this with all my power at
my command with all my senses and create this reality in my heart.
b) Holding (Dharana) Having decoupled the mind from the external stimuli,
having relaxed the body and energized the sensory functions of the mind and
having created a sense of security, peace and power within ourselves, we are
now ready to embark on the process of holding onto our pleasurable object of
meditation, be it Goddess or God or Guru or Siva Linga, or Sri Chakra, or
whatever.
The process of holding onto the object of meditation can be understood by
comparing it to a rosary of beads. When we do japam we spend some time with
each rudraksha bead of the rosary using the mantra to feel and know it then
move onto the next bead, spending some time with it and so on in a cycle.
Similarly, in Dharana, we keep shifting our attention to different parts of the
body or the object and try to cover the whole of the object. We spend time at
each point trying to feel the sound, the touch, the form, the taste and the
fragrance associated with that part. When all these things are successively
known, then that part becomes a living presence in our mind. When this happens,
we move on to a neighboring region repeating the process. In this way we
slowly, gradually and methodically go over the object of our meditation. In the
process of holding on, or Dharana, the thoughts are definitely there, but they
are not incoherent like in normal thinking. There is a story, a continuous
link, evolving from one frame to another, one thought to another. It is similar
to a cartoon book where there are different frames but there is a story line,
an experience linking one frame to another, leading the reader towards a
complete evolution of the story. There is concentration owing to the happiness
that we find in each frame. It is not a concentration which we do not like.
The concentration is there because of the “rasa” or the mood or the “bhava”
in each frame. For example, when looking at the eyes of the Goddess with
concentration, we may detect flashes of mirth, a hidden laughter, or a
questioning or compassion or grace or erotic flippancy or anger, or anything.
All these experiences are aspects of bliss. So bliss does not merely consist of
pleasure alone. It can be any deeply stirring or fleeting emotion coming from
the nine “rasas”: Sringara (erotic), Vira (heroic), Karuna (compassion), Raudra
(anger bursting into flames), Abhayanaka (arousing fear), Bhibatsa (terribly
dismembered), Juguptsa (turning away, unable to look at the gory sight), Hasya
(jocular, uncontrollable laughter), Santa (peace), and Adbhuta (sense of
wonder).
The process of holding on comes to a conclusion when we have satisfactorily
gone over every detail of the object of our meditation. In this stage, even
after our initial preparatory stage of withdrawal, there could still be some
stimuli coming from outside, filtering into our consciousness and disturbing
our train of thought. Examples could be a doorbell ringing with a salesman
calling, or having to get up to answer a telephone call, or a discomfort in the
body, and so on. Depending upon the strength of the interference, we may even
forget where we were in the meditation. The best thing to do under such
circumstances is to start from some approximately near-by-region where we left
off.
As we are coming close towards the end of Dharana, we will have discovered
there is some particular region or spot (a rosary bead) where we would like to
establish a mood or a rasa and continue to spend time with it. This is the real
part of Dharana. Remember the mind has the tendency to move away from the place
where we are trying to focus it.
(The centrifugal tendency, vikshepa shakti). After a little while the mind
starts another thought unrelated to this object. A time passes like this where
we do not even remember that we are doing something else. Then with a little
effort, we bring the mind back to our particular object of meditation.
The stage of Dharana is thus characterized by initially having have
evolving story and then finding a pleasure sport and holding on to it with
effort. The mind keeps straying, but the effort keeps bringing it back. Thus
effort is characteristic of Dharana.
c) Unbroken, easy flow of Awareness (Dhyana)
The stage of Dharana leads naturally to the stage of Dhyana, spontaneous
concentration. The particular object of our meditation chose by us in Dharana
is giving us such a real experience of the rasa that is has condensed around
the object. The mind is totally absorbed in the reality of the experience, that
it has lost itself and its centrifugal force. We are now living in the reality
of the object of our meditation experiencing with all our senses. This unbroken
awareness condensed around the object of our meditation, this easy flow of
awareness and lack of effort normally needed to concentrate characterizes the
state of Dhyana. However, the object of meditation is still different from us.
It is still an object. We know everything about it. We know its thoughts as
ours, yet it is as if there is a mirror in front of us and we are seeing
ourselves reflected in the mirrors as a the object. The three-fold division of
the seer knows the seen as his own self. Yet he sees that as different from
himself, as an image of himself. If we continue in Dhyana for 20 minutes we
enter the final stage of meditation called Samadhi.
d) Union (Samadhi)
In Samadhi the distinction between the observer and the observed vanishes
totally. There is no separate object of mediation. There is myself, the subject
who is the object.
If we are mediating upon Devi, I simply become Devi in Samadhi. As Devi
receives worship by devotees, so do I. As Devi blesses people, so do I bless
people. As Devi exists in all beings, so do I exist in all beings. All bodies
are mine, all eyes, all hands, all feet, all skin, all sense, all experience
are my experiences. There is none other than me and the Goddess of eros and I
worship myself through the union of the linga and yoni. Infinite intercourse
with Siva is my nature, unending orgasmic bliss is my rasa of Sringara.
Such is the experience of samadhi. It is not void. It is not null. It is
full. It transcends all life. It transcends all space and time. It is
solidified knowledge, action and desire. There is no movement in it, there is
no birth, growth or death, yet it is sum total of all possible experiences, of
all life forms in all the worlds at all times.
This completes our appreciation of the different aspects of meditation. We
will endeavor later on to generate a series of guided meditations. It is
obvious that a ritual could also be a meditation. It is obvious also open-eyed
meditation is as valid a concept as a closed eye meditation.
Amritananda, 1991
